His seismographic reading of civilizations credit score ratings New York fault lines have made Witkacy a classic of the avant-garde. Witkacys story begins in the nineteenth century, when Poland did not exist as a nation, having been divided among its more powerful predatory neighbors, Prussia, Russia, and Austria, The Witkiewiczes were a large, well connected land-owning family from Polish Lithuania, related to Marshal Jozef Pilsudski, Polands future strongman in the interwar years, and to the Gielguds, of whom the British actor, Sir John, would become the celebrated offspring. As was the case with many Poles at the time, the Witkiewicz family suffered major losses of status and property because of their patriotic zeal, which involved them in opposition to the occupying forces.
They experienced what it meant to be the colonized subjects of an imperial power. The playwrights great uncle, Jan Witkiewicz (1808-1839), after being arrested at the age of fifteen and condemned to death for purported anti-czarist activities (as a founder member of a credit score ratings New York patriotic student organization), was then sent as a conscript to Central Asia, where he eventually became a highly regarded Russian secret agent, prized for his mastery of Middle-Eastern languages and disguises, and engaged in conspiratorial missions against the British in the struggle between the two empires for dominance over Persia and Afghanistan. credit bureau check Of divided loyalties and troubled conscience, this enigmatic adventurer committed suicide or perhaps was murdered at the age of credit score ratings New York thirty-one.
The writers father, Stanislaw Witkiewicz (1851-1915), as an adolescent spent four years in Siberia with his father, who had been exiled and deprived of his property for taking part in the Uprising of 1863 against Russia. Stanislaw subsequently became a charismatic turn-of-the-century artist and cultural critic, who achieved the status of national sage, preaching a gospel of creative independence for Poles through a return to native arts and crafts, while they awaited inevitable political liberation. Born on February 24, 1885 in Czarist-ruled Warsawand credit score ratings New York thus a Russian subject in his partitioned homelandyoung Stas (the diminutive of credit score ratings New York Stanislaw) grew up and spent most of his life in Zakopane in the Polish Tatras Mountainsthen a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empirewhere his father had moved in 1890 because of failing health brought on by tuberculosis. credit report score free At first a small artists colony and picturesque resort rich in spectacular mountains, dramatic seasonal changes and weather, colorful highlanders, and regional folklore, Zakopane soon grew into a major tourist attraction for skiers, hikers, and vacationers.From 4500 inhabitants in 1900, the population reached 17,000 in 1937figures which were doubled or tripled during the summer season.Polands international stars in the arts often visited Zakopane, where many built homes in the local architectural style promoted by the elder Witkiewicz.Although it had no permanent theatre of its own, Zakopane was in the cultural orbit of Cracow, the ancient Polish capital fifty miles to the north, credit score ratings New York which at the turn of the century credit score ratings New York became the center of a progressive new movement in the arts known as Young Poland. Throughout the nineteenth-century Polish credit score ratings New York theatre had flourished as an art of the performer, but shackled by censorship and the constraints of partition and occupation, drama for the most part stagnated.
The great poet-playwrights of the romantic era had written in exile or for the drawer, and their works extolling freedom were forbidden in consequence of the uprisings and bloody reprisals. In the 1890s the situation gradually began to change as the old imperial structures showed signs of approaching decline and disintegration.Because in the relatively tolerant Austrian sector government control of the arts was less stringent, writers and artists inspired by the new modernist trends from Western Europenaturalism and symbolismmade Cracow their headquarters.A new municipal theatre, built in 1893, introduced the modern repertory of Ibsen, Hauptmann, Strindberg, and Wedekind. three credit report The old city itself was a kind of stage upon credit score ratings New York which a small band of writers, artists, and bourgeois bohemians lived theatricalized lives.
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